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HS Code 8501 covers electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets). The classification includes detailed subcategories organized by output power and motor type, including DC motors/generators (8501.10-8501.34), AC universal motors (8501.40), AC multiphase motors (8501.51-8501.53), and AC generators (8501.61-8501.64). This fundamental electromechanical equipment category includes devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy (motors) or mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators). Products range from tiny fractional horsepower motors for consumer devices to massive industrial motors and generators for power plants. Technical specifications focus on power output, efficiency, speed characteristics, starting performance, thermal management, and reliability. Applications span virtually all sectors requiring controlled mechanical motion or electrical power generation. This division represents critical equipment enabling both electrical power generation and electromechanical automation, providing the fundamental capability to create controlled mechanical movement from electrical input or generate electricity from mechanical rotation.